On the other hand, tightly coupled shared-memory SMP system runs a single copy of an operating system that coordinates simultaneous activity occurring in each of the identical CPUs. Each processor runs its own operating system and synchronizes with other processors using messages or semaphores over an interconnect such as Ethernet or a more specialized high-speed interconnect such as Infiniband. Each of these nodes can have a different processor type and its own memory and I/O devices. In a distributed multiprocessor system, the individual processing units typically reside as separate nodes. It's important to know the difference between such an SMP system and a distributed multiprocessor environment. The processors share a global memory module ( shared memory ) and peripheral devices through a common I/O bus interface. In our SMP configuration, the term tightly coupled means that the individual processor cores lie close to each other and are physically connected over a common high-speed bus. This article focuses on a specific type of multiprocessor system, the tightly coupled shared-memory symmetric multiprocessor (SMP), and how it's supported by a typical real-time operating system (RTOS).
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These systems are also seen in high bandwidth network traffic switch/router designs, including special network management features on specialized multiprocessors (for example, SB1250 with SB-1 chip of Broadcom's Mercurian family of programmable network processors). Multiprocessor systems are widely used in applications involving 3D graphics with audio/video compression and decompression running on specialized multiprocessor chips (for example, Fuzion 150 from PixelFusion). This increased demand for so-called “highly available” CPU-intensive systems (systems with 99.999% uptime) has spawned several types of multiprocessor systems, each designed for a specific application.
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Things aren't that simple, unfortunately, but as you'll see, there are a number of ways the RTOS can make things easier.Īlthough the concept of a multiprocessor system has been around for decades, it's only recently attained commercial viability as demand grows for scalable, high-performance, highly reliable systems.
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In an ideal world, programmers switching from 1 to n processors would see their code run n times as fast, with no code changes.